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Madison is a town in the southeastern corner of New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, occupying a central location on Connecticut's Long Island Sound shoreline. The population was 17,691 at the 2020 census.

Madison was first settled in 1641. Throughout the 18th century, Madison was known as East Guilford until it was incorporated as a town in 1826. The present name is after James Madison, 4th President of the United States.

Beaches

Hammonasset Beach State Park possesses the state's longest public beach, with campsites, picnic areas, and a fishing pier, and is extremely popular in the summer, causing traffic jams on I-95 on peak days.

Surf Club Beach is the town's major public beach with lifeguards and recreational facilities for baseball, softball, basketball, volleyball, and horseshoes. It features playgrounds for children and picnic tables for families, as well as sailboat and kayak racks. It is also home to several athletic fields, including Strong Field, the town's multi-purpose athletic complex.

East Wharf, sometimes referred to as the "purple sand beach," has lifeguards, a pier, kayak and sailboat racks in addition to a gazebo.

West Wharf has a pier, rock formations to the west, a small sunbathing beach and boat spaces.

The Madison Beach Club has its own beach and is located near Madison Country Club, a private golf course.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 36.8  square miles (95.3  km), of which 36.2  square miles (93.8  km) is land and 0.6  square miles (1.5  km), or 1.6%, is water. Madison is bordered by the municipalities of Clinton and Killingworth to the east, Durham to the north, Guilford to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south.

Principal communities

Madison Center

Madison's center of town is the main area for businesses and the location of the town library and Madison Green Historic District. Madison Center is a census-designated place, with a population of 2,290 at the 2010 census. The center has many boutiques and eateries. Although it is called "the center," it is not the geographic center of Madison, but is located in the southern part of town, halfway between Clinton and Guilford.

Education

Madison Public Schools serve grades K–12 and include Ryerson Elementary School, Jeffery Elementary School, Brown Middle School, Polson Middle School, and Daniel Hand High School. Year-round residents boast of a superior school system, an expansive recreational program, and many opportunities for volunteer work. In 2013, Madison ranked as number 9 on the CBS News list of most-attractive school districts in the United States.

Private elementary schools in Madison include Our Lady of Mercy School, The Country School, and Grove School.

The E.C. Scranton Memorial Library was a 1901 gift to the townspeople from Mary Scranton. The original building was designed by architect Henry Bacon, who later designed the Lincoln Memorial. A 1906 postcard shows the library as it appeared at that time. After an expansion in 1989, the main building (in the postcard at right) became the children's section, and the expansion to the right of the main door became the main entrance. As of 2006, this popular library featured 114,000 volumes and had an average of 360 visits per day and 860 programs per year.

Demographics

As of the 2000 census, there were 17,858 people, 6,515 households, and 5,120 families residing in the town. The population density was 493.3 people per square mile (190.5/km). There were 7,386 housing units at an average density of 204.0 per square mile (78.8/km). The racial makeup of the town was 96.62% White, 0.40% African American, 0.06% Native American, 1.71% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.25% from other races, and 0.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.34% of the population.

There were 6,515 households, out of which 39.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.8% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.4% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.12.

The town's population was distributed with 28.2% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The