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Deerfield is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,855 at the 2020 census, up from 4,280 at the 2010 census. Deerfield is the location of the annual Deerfield Fair.

History

Deerfield was originally part of Nottingham. In 1756, residents petitioned for organization of a separate parish, but were denied. In 1765, while a second petition was pending, two local hunters presented colonial governor Benning Wentworth with a deer. Permission was granted, and "Deerfield" was incorporated in 1766. The incorporation act for Deerfield was signed by three members of the Leavitt family, including Capt. Samuel Leavitt who later was one of the town's first selectmen. Leavitts Hill in Deerfield was named for the family, who had first settled in nearby Exeter.

"Deerfield Parade", a hilltop district first settled about 1740, was located on the early postal route between Concord and Portsmouth. Here, the militia of the Revolutionary and Civil wars trained and "paraded" on the village common. The "Parade" was then a professional, cultural and trade center. About 1798, citizens founded Deerfield Academy, a high school. It burned in 1842.

Once a thriving farm community which was disappointed when bypassed by railroads, the town in 1876 established the Deerfield Fair. Now billed as "New England's Oldest Family Fair", the four-day event draws huge crowds each autumn to admire animals, produce and crafts, or to enjoy amusement park rides.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and are water, comprising 2.57% of the town. The highest point in Deerfield as well as in Rockingham County is the summit of Nottingham Mountain, at above sea level, near the town's western border. Portions of the Pawtuckaway Mountains occupy the eastern border of the town. Deerfield is primarily drained by the Lamprey River and its tributary the North Branch River, within the Piscataqua River (Coastal) watershed, while the western edge and northernmost section of town is in the Merrimack River watershed.

Adjacent municipalities

Demographics

thumb|left|upright|Deerfield Community Church, near the town center

At the 2000 census, there were 3,678 people, 1,225 households and 986 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 1,406 housing units at an average density of . The racial make-up was 98.53% White, 0.16% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.22% from other races and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.30% of the population.

There were 1,225 households, of which 43.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.0% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.5% were non-families. 12.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.27.

Age distribution was 30.0% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 6.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.

The median household income was $61,367 and the median family income was $64,737. Males had a median income of $40,568 and females $30,682. The per capita income was $24,160. About 1.3% of families and 3.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.0% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

Two New Hampshire state routes cross Deerfield.

Education

There is one public school in Deerfield, the Deerfield Community School on